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Teologia w Polsce - Półrocznik Towarzystwa Teologów Dogmatyków. Nowa seria

17,2 (2023)

SPIS TREŚCI
(table of contents)

recenzje
sprawozdania

artykułów / items: 12

Froniewski, J., Rozeznawanie wspólnotowe jako podstawowa metoda realizacji synodalności w życiu Kościoła według zamysłu papieża Franciszka, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 79-89

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COMMUNITY DISCERNMENT AS A FUNDAMENTAL METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING SYNODALITY IN THE LIFE OF THE CHURCH AS INTENDED BY POPE FRANCIS
Summary
This article is a synthetic attempt to show the new elements that Pope Francis introduces when he presents his understanding of the realisation of synodality in the life of the Church. He exposes discernment as a fundamental method for the synodal Church, which can be seen in his teaching since the beginning of this pontificate. The text comprises four parts. The first sets out short the general ecclesiological assumptions of the present Synod on synodality. The second shows spiritual discernment itself as a method throughout history, and the third the application of this method in the life of the Church in Francis' teaching. The last focuses on the sensus fidei as the theological ground of the synodal discernment process. The conclusion reveals the purpose of the application of discernment in the vision of the synodal Church as intended by Francis.

Jaśkiewicz, S., Św. Augustyn i synody Afryki północnej przełomu IV i V wieku, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 91-108

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SAINT AUGUSTINE AND THE SYNODS OF NORTH AFRICA AT THE TURN OF THE 4TH AND 5TH CENTURIES
Summary
The synodal activity of the Church in North Africa at the Turn of the 4th and 5th Centuries, although on the one hand is astonishing with its dynamic development, on the other hand, also highlights the multiplicity and scope of problems that the African Church faced. Such outstanding pastors as, in particular, the Bishop of Carthage and the Primate of Proconsular Africa, Aurelius (391‒430) and the Bishop of Hippo, Augustine (396‒430), made synods an effective weapon in the fight against the Donatist schism and the heresy of Pelagianism. No less important matters of the synodal meetings convened at that time were matters related to the discipline of the clergy, the liturgy and the life of the Church. Synods (concilia) enjoyed their own seriousness and authority (auctoritas). Plenary synods in particular played a significant role among them. As a manifestation of episcopalcollegiality, they shed a lot of light on the relationship of African bishops to the Bishop of Rome, and are also a testimony to African ecclesial specificity and autonomy.

Kapłon, S., Κοινωνία and Μετουσία in Gregory of Nyssa's "Oratio catechetica magna". Terminological context and relevance to trinitarian theology, christology and sacramentology, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 219-234

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Summary
This article presents a comparative analysis of the use of the terms κοινωνία and μετουσία in Trinitarian, Christological and soteriological as well as sacramental contexts in Gregory of Nyssa's Oratio catechetica magna. As a result, we discover that Gregory consciously and precisely distinguishes between the concepts under discussion and treats the term κοινωνία as a bridge connecting the disputed topics of dogmatic theology. Moreover, the analysis shows that the Bishop of Nyssa's use of the term κοινωνία betrays his desire to transcend the dialectical understanding of the relationship between unity and difference. Instead of this concept that originated in Platonism, Gregory seeks a synthetic account that preserves the autonomy and independence and, simultaneously, the possibility of true unity between God and man. The conclusion of the analysis is the need for further research into the use of the concept of κοινωνία in the works of the youngest of the Cappadocian Fathers.

Kasprzak, A.A., Synodalność w teologii Soboru Watykańskiego II, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 109-127

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YNODALITY IN THE THEOLOGY OF VATICAN II
Summary
Since the publication of the apostolic constitution Episcopalis Communio in 2018 by Pope Francis, the institution of the Synod of Bishops has received a profound reinterpretation of the scope of its formula. The current Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops - dedicated to the theme - For a Synodal Church Communion, Participation and Mission - raises many fundamental questions about the proper theological understanding of the Synod of Bishops. The reference in all these topical questions to the discussions of the Second Vatican Council is undoubtedly right and advisable. It was at this Council that the framework of how the Synod of Bishops and its first vocation should be understood was shaped. The analysis of this study therefore leans towards the basic elements of the theology of synodality that were introduced into the ecclesiology of the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, and these are issues such as the people of God, the Church as communio ecclesiarum, and episcopal collegiality. However, as this analysis shows, the conciliar formulation of all these important themes and reflections for a renewed ecclesiology does not mean that the theology of synodality of Vaticanum Secundum had no limitations. The very establishment of the Synod of Bishops in 1965 by Pope Paul VI and the elaboration of the motu proprio Apostolica sollicitudo did not take place through the collaboration of the Pope with the bishops still gathered at the Council. The scope of the Synod of Bishops, according to the will of Paul VI, was given only a consultative function, whereas the intention of the majority of the Council Fathers was to give this synod an effective collegiality.

Królikowski, J., Reforma Kościoła i w Kościele. Formuła "Ecclesia semper reformanda" w aspekcie historycznym, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 33-55 33-55

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REFORM OF THE CHURCH AND IN THE CHURCH. THE HISTORICAL ASPECT OF THE FORMULA ECCLESIA SEMPER REFORMANDA
Summary
This article attempts to trace the origins of the formula Ecclesia semper reformanda which is frequently referred to in ecclesiology as well as in debates on certain issues which have to be tackled in the contemporary Church. Although the idea of the reform of the Church is as old as the Church itself, the very formula dates back to the circles of the Dutch Reformed Church, with its author being reverend Jodocus van Lodenstein (1620‒1677) who included the formula in his treatise Beschouwinge van Zion (Utrecht 1674). It is likely that the formula, along with the very idea of the reform, was not acknowledged in the Catholic Church because of its origins. Contemporary theology has to undertake an important task and to give the formula the authentic meaning which will correspond with the catholic ecclesiology, which is definitely promoted by the Second Vatican Council and the teachings of post-conciliar popes.

Kupczak, P., Dziesięć tez o teologii synodalności, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 57-77

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TEN THESES ON THEOLOGY OF SYNODALITY
Summary
The ongoing in the Catholic Church Synod on synodality is surrounded by many different controversies. The innovative form of the synod, in the Synod of Bishops deliberates within a broader body with yet to be defined competences, announcements of significant changes both in the teaching of the Church and in her structure, awake among many Catholics hope for awakening new dynamism in the Church, but also fear of breaking continuity with Tradition and the loss of the Christian proprium. At the source of these new hopes and anxieties lies a question: what is really the synodality to which Pope Francis calls the Church? This text tries to answer this question; this answer is based on the best theological text that has been written on this topic in recent years, the 2018 document of the International Theological Commission Synodality in the Life and Mission of the Church. The most important statements of this document will be presented in the form of ten theses, which concern, among others: the historical and theological sources of the concept of synodality, the renewed ecclesiology of the Second Vatican Council, practical ways of implementing synodality, the structure of power and co-responsibility in the Church, the conditions and criteria of the authenticity of the synodal process.

Menke, K.-H., Wolność teonomiczna i libertariańska. Porównanie metakrytyczne, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 7-32

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THEONOMIC AND LIBERTARIAN FREEDOM. A METACRITICAL COMPARISON
Summary
In this article, Karl-Heinz Menke takes up an argument with two Catholic thinkers, namely Magnus Striet, a fundamental theologian from Freiburg, and Saskia Wendel, a professor-theologian from Tübingen. Striet and Wendel transfer Protestant formulas of sola to recent Catholic theology, building on the libertarian conception of freedom that has continued from Duns Scotus through W. Ockham to I. Kant. The libertarian turn demanded of the Church by Striet and Wendel would be to take the content of revelation ‒ which for them is merely an interpretation ‒ not as subject-independent insights of theoretical reason, but as claims of practical reason. According to them, revelation and reason, grace and freedom are ‒ as K.-H. notes. Menke ‒ first of all a very personal experience. Therefore, the Church's magisterial teaching is a discriminatory one that fits into the whole history of human oppression. These and other theses are ultimately decisively rejected by Prof. Menke, who represents the classical position of Catholic theology.

Pek, K., Jan Paweł II o Nowej Córze Syjonu, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 129-142 129-142

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JOHN PAUL II ABOUT THE NEW DAUGHTER OF ZION
Summary
In the twentieth century, the theme of Mary the daughter of Zion emerged in theological debate. It appeared in commentaries on the annunciation of Mary. It was inspired above all by the prophecies of the Old Testament. The Second Vatican Council portrayed Mary as "the exalted daughter of Zion". Among the popes, John Paul II in particular took an interest in interpreting Mary's role in the light of God's covenant with humanity. He called the Mother of the Lord "the new daughter of Zion". He showed that such a term reveals a God-Spouse who continues to bestow new love and calls to Messianic joy. Mary-Mother of the Messiah has already participated in such a relationship with God and is a sign of the universal vocation of humanity.

Proniewski, A., Synod w Kościele katolickim w Polsce jako fundament doświadczenia jedności wspólnoty, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 143-160

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THE SYNOD IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN POLAND AS A FOUNDATION FOR THE EXPERIENCE OF COMMUNITY UNITY
Summary
In the autumn of 2021, the Synod on Synodality began in the Catholic Church under the theme "Towards a Synodal Church: Communion, Participation and Mission". The work of the synod was carried out at three levels: diocesan, national and continental, and was spread over three years (2021‒2023). The article includes analyses from the work carried out among the believers of the Catholic Church in Poland, both clergy and laity. The contents have been edited and presented in three points: the synodal events have been described using the historical method, and the speculative hermeneutic method has been used to highlight the content and its orientation in relation to the experience of the unity of the ecclesial community. The future will show to what extent the process of synodality has penetrated the mentality and contributed to the dynamism of the Church's life.

Samulnik, T., Synodalność w myśli Josepha Ratzingera, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 143-160

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SYNODALITY IN THE THEOLOGICAL THOUGHT OF JOSEPH RATZINGER
Summary
The aim of this article is to present Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger's line of thought on the idea of synodality. In the following steps of his reflection, the Bavarian theologian poses seemingly rudimentary, yet fundamental questions: What is a synod? What is the function of the institution of synod in the Church? Ratzinger also does not shy away from questions on current issues related to the synodal path. They take on a provocative tone: Shouldn't there be an uninterrupted synod in the Catholic Church that combines the principle of synodality with the principle of papal primacy? Can a synod function only as its own independent body of part or all of the college of bishops of a region? Who ultimately governs the Church? The author's own attempts to answer the questions posed are set primarily in the Tradition of the Church and in the context of an ecclesiology of communio close to Bavarian theologian. The pragmatic dimension of the approach to the question of synodality contained in the reflection is also an important asset.

Sawa, P., Synodalność Kościoła w ujęciu papieża Franciszka, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 191-217

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SYNODALITY OF THE CHURCH AS SEEN BY POPE FRANCIS
Summary
Francis' pontificate is marked by his efforts to make Catholics more sensitive to the synodal structure of the Church. In particular, the convening of the Synod on Synodality is central to discovering what synodality is, how to learn it and how to incorporate it into the daily life of the communities. What is therefore needed is an in-depth analysis of Francis' teaching on synodality. The article presents the contexts of synodality, namely the evangelisation and the renewal of the Church. Then it discusses the proper pillars of Francis' synodality, which involves encounter, listening and discernment. It has nothing to do with parliamentarism or abandonment of truth or the hierarchical structure of the Church. The synodality brings the sensus fidei into life and is expressed in the communion, participation, mission triad.
For synodality to work, its sources must also be known. The theological ones include the Revelation and the dialogue between God and man, the ecclesiology of the People of God and the communion, the action of the Holy Spirit, the diversity of charisms, the idea of co-participation, and the anthropology of relations. Among ecclesiastical sources are synods, collegiality of bishops, and bodies (e.g. councils) facilitating participation of the baptised. Finally, the experience of individual and community discernment in the Jesuit tradition is also crucial.
The article also addresses the challenges facing the Church with respect to synodality. However, the challenges cannot stop the Church from following its path to attract people to the Gospel.

Strumiłowski, J.P., Estetyka i teologia - próba określenia przestrzeni interakcji, Teologia w Polsce 17,2 (2023) s. 171-189

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AESTHETICS AND THEOLOGY - AN ATTEMPT TO DETERMINE THEIR MEETING PLACE
Summary
The contemporary age, also called postmodernity, is an epoch which considers aesthetical categories as being particularly important. This situation is provoked by the fact that today existence is orientated especially towards experience. This orientation, in turn, also influences theology and causes more and more appreciation of aesthetical categories. However, a proper "aestheticization" of theology needs a proper theological methodology. The spectrum of the interests of aesthetics is very large, and aesthetic categories themselves have been understood differently over the centuries. For this very reason a creative use of beauty in theology postulates a preliminary determination of the kinds of interaction between aesthetics and theology.
The article is thus an attempt to discover various modes of dialogue between these two domains, especially from the historical and systematic perspectives, while also taking into account the open problems of this mutual interaction.