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Teologia w Polsce - Półrocznik Towarzystwa Teologów Dogmatyków. Nowa seria

11,1 (2017)

SPIS TREŚCI
(table of contents)

dokumentacja
recenzje

artykułów / items: 13

Góźdź, K., Istota Kościoła według Josepha Ratzingera, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 5-15

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THE ESSENCE OF THE CHURCH ACCORDING TO JOSEPH RATZINGER
Summary
The author puts forwards a hypothesis relating to the interpretation of the thought of Joseph Ratzinger - Benedict XVI concerning the essence of the Church as the Body of Christ. Jesus Christ built His Church in a visible form through His choice of the Twelve, who were called to build a special community with Him. By building the Church, the Apostles participated in Christ's earthly mission. The essence of the Church does not lie in the very fact of its apostolic foundation, but in the event of the Last Supper, that is of the Eucharist, which marks the actualization of the Church. The Eucharist concretizes the Body of Christ in its "physical" and its risen dimension (Corpus Christi verum) as well as its social form, where Jesus is the Head of the body of all the baptised faithful (Corpus Christi mysticum), that is in the aspect of the integral Church. The Eucharist is a manifestation of both, the individual Body of Christ ("This is my Body" 1 Cor 11:24; Mk 14:22b) and the "social" Body of Christ's Church. Therefore, the essence of the Church is the community of Christ with the baptised faithful, whose sacramental participation actualizes of the Body of Christ through the Eucharist ("He is the Head of the Body - the Church" Col 1:18; cf. Eph 1:10; and we are "the Body of Christ and each of you is a part of it" 1 Cor 12:27, cf. 12:12-13). In other words, the essence of the Church lies in its being the Body of Christ in both of its aspects: individual and social, which are actualized through the Eucharist. Ratzinger himself also puts it in the following manner: "The Church is the People of God through the Body of Christ." In this sense, the Church is not only a sacramental sign (signum), but it is a matter of fact (res). This is how Ratzinger advocates the original Christian idea of a strong link between the Church and the Eucharist. By doing so, he opts for the full ontical, realist approach to theology, refuting the idealist stance. For Ratzinger, the Church is more than a sign. It constitutes the full reality of Christ as its Head in communion with the faithful as members of His Body.

Halkowicz, K., Teologiczna krytyka homoseksualizmu w nauczaniu Szenudy III, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 183-194

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THEOLOGICAL CRITICISM OF HOMOSEXUALITY IN THE TEACHING OF SHENOUDA III
Summary
Christ appointed the Church for good of humanity. It came to light through Passover of Christ. As Mystical Body of Christ the Church as living organism should take problems which threaten the future of entire human community. One of such problems is homosexuality. This issue has been taken for years in many public discussions. The dominant freedom of morals, promotion of wrongly understood tolerance impact on more and more heated discussions. This paper is an attempt to show the theological criticism of homosexuality in the teaching of Shenouda III. The Coptic pope teaches that the homosexuality violates holiness of the Church, destroys the image of God, is contrary to the human nature, is a threat for health, is inconsistent with masculinity, destroys spirituality of the human being, is contrary to the sacramental mystery of the Church, destroys true love and the truth. Therefore Shenouda III calls active homosexuals on conversion and keeping the true teaching.

Huculak, B.J., L'Esprit Saint dans les écrits de L'Apôtre Jean, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 67-82

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Parmi les auteurs des livres du Nouveau Testament il n'y a aucun qu'ait écrit plus abondement et plus profondement sur l'Esprit Saint que l'apôtre Jean. C'est pourquoi en Orient chrétien à partir des prémiers siècle jusqu'à nos jours il est appelé Jean le Théologien.
THE HOLY SPIRIT IN THE WRITINGS OF JOHN THE APOSTLE
Summary
John among the evangelists is not only designed with the image of eagle, but also from the first centuries on, he still is called in the East as John the Theologian. From his school came the first systematic theologian Irenaeus of Lugdunum in Gaul (now Lyons in France), who in his native Smyrna had been a disciple of the bishop Polycarp, a formerly listener of John himself, when this lived in Ephesus. The teaching about the Holy Spirit, and especially about His eternal procession is built upon his writings; and beside the biblical inspiration he received a special gift of the Spirit "who spoke trough the prophets". His aboundant message is invaluable not only for theology, but also to her shoot, which should be spirituality, first of all the priestly and seminarian one, all the more because John was the only unmarried apostle, becoming - also in this respect - a paragon for the Roman Catholic clergy.

Imbernón, E.L., La paternidad virginal de san José, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 195-206

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Paternidad y virginidad se unen en san José armoniosamente en virtud de la unión hipostática de Jesucristo. Es por ello que José participa en el misterio de la Encarnación. Esta paternidad virginal, es auténtica porque procede del Padre, fue asumida y ejercida dentro del matrimonio con María. Muchos, a lo largo de la historia, han sido los terminos empleados para definir dicha paternidad, pareciendo ser virginal el que mejor expresa la singularidad y excepcionalidad de la paternidad de José.
THE VIRGINAL PATERNITY OF ST. JOSEPH
Summary
The paternity and the virginity are harmoniously united in St. Joseph by the virtue of the hypostatic union of Jesus Christ. That's why Joseph participates in the mystery of the Incarnation. This virginal paternity is authentic, that came from the Father, was assumed and exerted within the marriage with Mary. A lot of terms have been used through the history to define this virginal paternity, that appears to be the best expression of the uniqueness and exceptionality of Joseph's paternity.

Królikowski, J., Kapłańska królewskość Jezusa Chrystusa. Podstawy biblijne i zasadnicze przesłanie eklezjalne, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 17-33

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THE PRIESTLY KINGSHIP OF JESUS CHRIST. THE BIBLICAL GROUNDS AND THE ESSENTIAL ECCLESIAL MESSAGE
Summary
In the recent years the question of the kingship of Jesus Christ, which has always been present in theology, has gained in significance in Polish theology as a result of various religious and social movements which appeared as attempts to interpret signs of the times, especially the pressures connected with secularisation, which can be observed also in Polish culture. The issue calls for systematic deepening. The article points out, especially the biblical grounds of the royal dignity of Christ, which can be found in the fragments describing His birth, but also His trial ended with the crucifixion. The events of Christ's life show how He gains universal reign and how it is fulfilled. It is the Christ's cross that has the greatest significance in this respect. It is the ultimate sign of His kingship and the key reference point of every interpretation of this aspect of His dignity in terms of both its historical realisation and its eschatological fulfilment. It has to be noted, that the kingship of Christ is priestly in character and that it is open to participation in it. Martyrs in the first plays, but also all the Christians may participate in it in the form of imitation since they prolong the redemptive work of Christ in their own life. Christ's kingship is by all means an open kingship and it makes itself present in the history through His believers.

Raczyński-Rożek, M., Somiglianze nella visione delle «cose ultime» tra Hans Urs von Balthasar e Faustina Kowalska, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 129-145

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Teologia del XX secolo ha sottolineato di nuovo la dipendenza reciproca tra la teologia e la spiritualità: la teologia deve interpretare la mistica e la mistica deve approfondire le riflessioni teologiche. Questa dipendenza si realizza chiaramente nelle opere di Hans Urs von Balthasar, uno dei teologi più significativi della teologia contemporanea. Ispirante e interessante è la somiglianza tra il suddetto teologo e la mistica polacca, Faustyna Kowalska. Nonostante, entrambi non hanno mai sentito uno dell'altro, si possono trovare le osservazioni simili e non ovvi in diverse descrizioni della realtà di Dio. L'articolo si limita alle questioni escatologiche.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN HANS URS VON BALTHASAR AND FAUSTYNA KOWALSKA IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE "LAST THINGS"
Summary
The twentieth century theology has underlined the interdependence of theology and spirituality: the role of theology is to interpret spirituality and spirituality is to give a new life to theology. We can observe this dependence clearly in Hans Urs von Balthasar's works. He was one of the restorers of the contemporary theology. The similarities between the theologian from Switzerland and Polish mystic Faustyna Kowalska are inspiring and interesting. The two, who have never heard about each other, have similar points of view in some aspects of reflection about God. The purpose of this article is to show these similarities in the field of eschatology. It means, exactly, a new perception of the judgment, eternal happiness and punishment in purgatory and hell

Sienkiewicz, E., Duch Święty a miłosierdzie Ojca zrealizowane w Synu, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 35-49

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THE HOLY SPIRIT AND THE MERCY OF THE FATHER REALIZED IN THE SON
Summary
The perspective of Trinitarian theology of God's mercy do not allow to limit the Holy Spirit only to continue the work of Jesus in the Church and to forgive sins. It protects indeed the same theology of God's mercy before narrowing and one-sidedness. In the economy of salvation, God's Spirit is shown as cooperating in all the works of God and inseparable from the Father and the Son. This also applies to God's mercy, which, by the revelation of the mystery of the inner life of God, in the Holy Spirit is better understood and accessible. The basis for this is the essence of God defined in the New Testament as Love, which, according to Christian theology, is concretized by the Holy Spirit. Penetrating God and man in Jesus Christ, He is the Gift restoring the original innocence and introducing man into a relationship of love and unity proper to the Father and the Son.

Strumiłowski, J.P., Tożsamość człowieka - między stwórczym aktem a autokreacją, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 147-161

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HUMAN IDENTITY - BETWEEN CREATIVE ACT AND SELF-CREATION
Summary
The human's current experience gives an evidence about his or her ability to self-creation (i.e.: identity formation) in the context determined by the nature. The neuroscience researches, trying to describe the process on various levels of human existence (psychological, bodily, especially neurobiological), prove that thesis. Some areas of self-creation of that kind are contrary to certain theological thesis that underline the God's creative act. This act determines not only the human nature in a broad sense, but also a specific shape of human existence, that appears for example in God's vocation to a particular way of life. The article analyses potential spheres of conflict, searching both the range and the character of interaction between human self-creation and creative act of God. Moreover, the article attempts to redefine the sphere of interpretation of that dependence, putting in the analysis' centre not the partial personal perspectives (God's and man's perspectives), but the perspective of relation conceived as essentially primary in respect to the personal perspective.

Słocińska, M., Możliwość Objawienia Bożego według Petera Knauera, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 207-221

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THE POSSIBILITY OF REVELATION OF GOD BY PETER KNAUER
Summary
According to Peter Knauer, special Revelation of God and a community of man with God is possible, although not obvious. Christian message wants to be comprehended as Word of God, wherein God is approaching man with His message of love. Acceptance of man into love of God is the essence of His Revelation. This concept of divine Revelation is possible only with trinitarian-incarnational-pneumatological comprehension of God and cannot be understood just and only in an intellectual way. Therefore, we need faith.

Warchoł, P., Teologio polska! Jaka byłaś? Jaka jesteś? Wybrane aspekty współczesnej teologii w Polsce, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 83-106

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WHAT KIND OF POLISH THEOLOGY YOU WERE, BEFORE? WHAT KIND OF POLISH THEOLOGY YOU AVE? SELECTED ASPECTS OF ACTUAL THEOLOGY IN POLAND
Summary
Polish theology can't be understood without history and culture. They complete each other. Reflections of Polish theologians, who opened up to faith through the written word and testimony of life, resulted from Polish experience. There are many theologians of this kind, that is why only most significant were highlighted. The central value of Polish theology is the mistery of the Christ - crucified and resurrected, He who sheds the light on the nation's history. At the same time theology of liberation and freedom as well as theology of culture derived from theology of nation. To some extent also Polish personalism writes into it. Moreover, theology of Christ's heart and mercy are also known in Polish theology. That's because at the end of 18th century Poland celebrated the feast of God's Heart as the first nation in Europe and in 20th century celebrated the feast of God's Mercy. Holy Mary plays an important role in Polish spirituality. The worship of Holy Mary became the symbol and binder of the Poles community - ready at any time to fight and defend their faith in a similar way that the Polish Republic. That is why mariology refers to the history of nation and it opens to the thoughts connected with the works of Second Vatican Council. What is more, also ecumenism is connected with the history of Polish nation and it had a strong influence onto the people. Protestant - catholic and orthodox - catholic dialogues studied by contemporary theologists had their bases set up much earlier. There are other signs of Polish theology. Theologists further study the reality, basing on their universalism and openness, faithful to tradition and never dissenting from it.

Wojtczak, A., Niepokalana - ikona prymatu łaski w ujęciu papieża Franciszka, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 107-127

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THE IMMACULATE - AN ICON OF GRACE PRIMACY AS APPROACHED BY POPE FRANCIS
Summary
Mary became a new creation, the first one to be redeemed, from God's love. Her beauty comes "from grace", "from God's gift". It bears the nature of a sign. It refers not only to Her, but also casts light on a wider historical-salvific message: it is an icon of grace primacy in Christian life, that is to mean that God always acts first, changing us with his grace. This thought is prominent in Pope Francis's teaching. The present article attempts to reveal this in a twofold way. First one points to the essence of the grace of original holiness (the fullness of grace) and brings to light the whole truth about Mary and her service and beauty. The other one concentrates on the Immaculate's appealing beauty. Speaking about Her means speaking about Triune God and His free-given salvific activity, as well as cooperation of man who accepts an invitation to the communion of life with God.

Wołyniec, W., Nauka o Ojcu i Synu w starożytnych formułach wiary z Sirmium, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 51-66

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THE TEACHING ABOUT THE FATHER AND THE SON IN ANCIENT FORMULAS OF THE FAITH IN SIRMIUM
Summary
The article consists of two parts. The first part constitutes theological analysis of the formulas of faith with regard to the teaching about the Father and the Son. Here, the fatherhood refers not only to the Person of the Father, but also to the entire Triune. The begetting of the Son from the Father remains a secret, but at the same time forms the basis of Divinity of the Son. However, the formulas of faith do not accept the concepts of coessentialness, rejecting the philosophical term ousia. The Son is sent by the Father and He is subjected to the Father. But first of all, He is similar to the Father. The second part of the article constitutes profound, in-depth reflection on the synodal teaching to indicate its topicality. Through the Person and the Redemptive Act of the incarnate Son the fatherhood of God refers, in a new way, to the disciples of the Lord. Submissiveness of the Son is a signpost for every man who should be submissive to the Father like the Son. In turn, the concept of similarity of the Son to the Father can be a way of expression of the Trinitarian Mystery, provided it encompasses Divine equality of the Father and the Son (the identity of Divine nature), yet at the same time determines the distinctness of God's Persons (Their non-identity).

Zatwardnicki, S., "Niewysłowione zjednoczenie" czasu i wieczności, Teologia w Polsce 11,1 (2017) s. 163-182

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AN "INCOMPREHENSIBLE UNION" OF TIME AND ETERNITY
Summary
The mutual penetration of time and eternity should be taken into account in every theological reflection. The article deals with a general framework that is to be considered while working out particular theological issues. An "incomprehensible union" of time and eternity is one of the versions of the same Mystery of Christ which a theologian should recognize in every single mystery of faith. In all theological issues the coexistence of time and eternity is noticeable and the eternity polar is supreme here